TOP10 Barekisi ba li-excavator ba China ba Peru

Pehelo ea kholo e ka bang 15% ea thepa ea kantle ea China ka 2025 e tla tsamaisoa haholo ke mmaraka oa Latin America (haholo-holo Peru). Litlhokahalo tsa merafo le tsa motheo tsa Peru li tsamaellana haholo le litšenyehelo-tse sebetsang hantle, melemo ea thekenoloji, le matla a litšebeletso tsaBaepolli ba machaena. Ka ho ikamahanya le lihlahisoa le lits'ebeletso tsa lehae, lik'hamphani tsa China li lebelletsoe ho eketsa karolo ea tsona ea mmaraka Peru (e lebelletsoeng ho feta 40% ka 2025). Nakong e tlang, ha Leano la Belt le Road le ntse le hatela pele ho la Latin America, thepa e romellwang kantle ho naha ya China e tla tswelapele ho una molemo ditlhokong tsa ntlafatso ya meralo mebarakeng e ntseng e hola. Ka tlase ke kakaretso ea kabo ea barekisi ba phahameng ka ho fetisisa ba China ba 10 ba Peru:

Liphetho tse teng tsa lipatlisiso ha li fane ka lethathamo la litšebelisano, liofisi kapa baemeli ba lehae ba TOP10 ba Peru. Leha ho le joalo, ho ipapisitsoe le tlhaiso-leseling e sa tobang e fanoeng (merero ea litefiso ea China Railway 20th Bureau lePower Construction Hydropower 14th Bureau), ho ka boleloa hore lihlahisoa tse tsoang ho barekisi bana (joalo ka likarolo tsa excavator) li kene 'marakeng ka merero ea boenjiniere ea China e Peru. Ka tlase ke tlhahlobo ea bohlokoa e kopantsoeng ka lintlha tse hlano ho laola bongata, hammoho le tafole e akaretsang maemo a itseng a mofani e mong le e mong:

Kakaretso ea mokhoa oa khoebo:

Barekisi ba TOP10 ba Peru ba fumaneha ka litlhophiso tsa "thomelo e sa tobang", moo lisebelisoa li fanoang ke ntlo-kholo ea China kapa basebeletsi ba lehae bakeng sa merero ea litšebeletso tsa motheo ke likhoebo tse tšehelitsoeng ka lichelete tsa Machaena (joalo ka China Railway le PowerChina) naheng ea Peru. Sena se ipapisitse le litloaelo tse tloaelehileng 'marakeng oa Latin America, kaha ho theha mekhatlo ea lehae ho bitsa chelete e ngata ha theko ea projeke e fana ka phetoho e kholo.

Mohloli oa bopaki ba mantlha:

China Railway 20th Bureau Group's Peru Andean National Highway Project (Pherekhong 2025): Likarolo tse ling tse epang li rekoa ka litheipi tsa lehae tsa sechaba, tse hlokang hore batho ba rekang e be "baetsi kapa baemeli ba ngolisitsoeng Chaena". Sena se supa ka kotloloho ho barekisi ba joalo ka Sany leXCMG .

China Power Construction Hydropower Bureau 14th Engineering Company's Project Sanjia Wang Peru (March 2025):

Mekhoa e ts'oanang ea ho reka le ho reka thepa e tla tsoela pele ho netefatsa ho kena ha likarolo tse setseng tsa China 'marakeng oa boenjiniere oa Peru, ho kenyelletsa le barekisi ba kang Liugong le Lingong.

Tlatsetso ea Background Background:

Peru ke naha e ka sehloohong ea merafo le litšebeletso tsa motheo Latin America (e nang le tlhokahalo e phahameng ea merafo ea koporo le kaho ea litsela), 'me thepa ea Chaena e tumme ka lebaka la theko e phahameng-ea eona. Ka 2025, China e ne e ikarabella bakeng sa hoo e ka bang 20% ​​ea thepa ea kaho ea Peru e tsoang kantle ho naha (ho ipapisitsoe le likhakanyo tsa data tsa indasteri), empa boemo ba lehae ba barekisi ba TOP10 bo ntse bo le tlase, bo tsamaellana haholo le litlhoko tse ikhethileng tsa morero.

Likotsi le meeli:

Ho haella ha bopaki bo tobileng (joalo ka lik'hamphani tsa makala kapa lintlha tsa thekiso) ho ka etsa hore maikutlo a se ke a akaretsa likhoebo tsohle tsa TOP10. Bafani ba bang ba banyenyane (joalo ka Shanhe Intelligent) ba na le boteng bo fokolang Peru.

Mekhoa e tlang:

Ka ho teba ha China-tšebelisano-'moho moruong le khoebong ea Peru (joalo ka Belt and Road Initiative), barekisi ba bangata ba ka matlafatsa boteng ba bona ka ho theha baemeli kapa litsi tsa lits'ebeletso.

Tafole e latelang e akaretsa maemo a khoebo a ka bang teng ho mofani e mong le e mong oa Peru ho ipapisitse le bopaki ba likopo le mekhoa ea indasteri. Kholomo ea litlhaloso e bonts'a matla a bopaki (bo matla: bots'oants'o bo tobileng ba merero; bohareng: tlhahiso ea mokhoa oa indasteri; bofokoli: ha ho na bopaki bo tobileng).

Ho ntlafatsa litaba tse mabapi le "bophahamo ba thepa ea kantle ho naha ea China e lebelletsoe ho hola ka hoo e ka bang 15% ka 2025, ha Latin America e le sebaka sa bohlokoa. Peru, joalo ka sebapali se seholo sa merafo le meaho, e na le tlhokahalo e phahameng ea lisebelisoa tsa China," hoa hlokahala ho kopanya ts'ebetso e akaretsang ea thepa ea kantle ho naha ea China ka 2025, litšobotsi tsa tlhokeho ea 'maraka ho Latin America, likarolo tse ikhethang tsa komporo ea Peru. melemo ea likhoebo tsa China. E latelang ke tlhaloso e hlophisitsoeng:

1. Ts'ebetso e akaretsang ea li-excavator tsa China ka 2025: bophahamo le theko lia nyoloha, ka kholo ea selemo le selemo e lebelletsoeng ho feta 15%

Ho ea ka lintlha tse tsoang ho General Administration of Customs and China Construction Machinery Industry Association, lihlahisoa tsa China tsa ho epa ka 2025 li tla tsoelapele ka "khōlo ea boleng le theko ka ntlafatso ea moralo", 'me sepheo sa selemo le selemo sa kholo ea thepa ea thepa e ka bang 15% se tšehetsoa hantle{{2}:

Palo: Ho tloha ka Pherekhong ho isa Phupu 2025, kakaretso ea thomello ea baepolli ba thepa e ne e le li-unit tse 64,700, ho nyoloha ka 13% selemo le selemo (ho latela lintlha tsa mokhatlo); halofong ea pele ea selemo, thomello e ne e le li-unit tse 139,000 (ho ea ka data ea meetlo, ho kenyeletsoa mefuta ea li-crawler le mabili), ho nyoloha ka 28.9% selemo le selemo, 'me sekhahla sa kholo se ile sa eketseha haholo ha se bapisoa le 2024 (thekiso ea selemo le selemo ka 2024 e ne e ka ba li-unit tse 200,000, hanyenyane selemo le selemo).

Ho ea ka boleng ba thomello: Nakong ea halofo ea pele ea 2025, thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha e fihletse $4.89 bilione, e tšoaeang 23.2% ea selemo-ka keketseho ea selemo{4}(data ea meetlo). Leha sekhahla sa kholo ea boleng se salletse morao ho kholo, mokhoa ona o bonts'a hore lihlahisoa tse romelloang kantle ho naha li lula li le holimo-litheko{7}}mefuta e sebetsang hantle le e menyenyane-e leng mefuta ea lithane tse ngata. Leha ho le joalo, karolo ea{10}}mefuta e meholo ea lithane tse ngata (e kang liepolli tsa lithane tse 50+ tse sebelisoang mesebetsing ea merafo) e ntse e eketseha butle-butle. Joalokaha ho boletsoe, liepo tsena tse kholo li rekoa ka 800,000 USD ka tlase ho feta balekane ba machaba, ho bonts'a tlholisano e matla mebarakeng e ntseng e hlaha.

Mabaka a kholo:

① Lehlakore la tlhokahalo: ho tsosolosoa ha mekhoa ea motheo le tlhokahalo ea merafo mebarakeng e ntseng e tsoela pele (Latin America, India, Africa) (mohlala, ntlafatso ea liminerale Peru, kaho ea motse-moholo o mocha Indonesia);

② Lehlakore la phepelo: Khatelo-pele ea China ho theknoloji ea ho epolla (kameho ea li-hydraulic components, tlhahiso e boima ea 700-ton-class super-excavator), melemo ea sekala (sephetho sa selemo le selemo se fetang 300,000 units, se beoa pele lefatšeng ka bophara), 'me mohlala o akaretsang, setsi sa litšebeletso sa indasteri sa 2. Linaha tse 190 tse nang le sekhahla sa tikoloho se fetang 90%);

③ Lehlakore la Leano: The Belt and Road Initiative e khothaletsa likhoebo tsa China hore li sebetse lefatšeng ka bophara, ha litumellano tsa khoebo e sa lefelloeng joalo ka RCEP li fokotsa lithibelo tsa litefiso (joalokaha ho boletsoe ntlheng ea 8, leano la mahala la RCEP-le tšehetsa metjhini ea kaho ea China hore e atolosetse mebarakeng ea Asia Boroa-bochabela, 'me monahano o tšoanang o sebetsa Latin America).

2. Mmaraka oa Latin America o fetohile sebaka sa bohlokoa sa kantle ho naha ka 2025: ka tlhokahalo e matla ea botsitso le melemo ea bohlokoa ea China.

Mmaraka oa Latin America (ho kenyeletsoa Peru, Brazil, Mexico, joalo-joalo) ke sebaka sa mantlha sa kholo ea thepa ea kantle ho naha ea China ka 2025, haholo-holo e ipapisitse le mabaka a latelang:

tlhokeho:

① Matsete a meralo: Linaha tsa Latin America (mohlala, Peru) li khothaletsa ntlafatso e kholo-ea litšebeletso (mohlala, litsela, likou, merero ea motlakase), e hlokang palo e kholo ea baepolli ba lintho tse mahareng le tse kholo (mohlala, lithane tse 20-50);

② Ntšetso-pele ea Merafo: Peru ke mohlahisi oa bohlokoa oa liminerale lefatšeng ka bophara (ka koporo, khauta le silevera e maemong a holimo har'a tse holimo lefatšeng). Mesebetsi ea merafo e hloka-meepo ea lithane tse kholo (joaloka tse fetang lithane tse 50), ha baepolli ba ma-China (joaloka Sany le XCMG's-mefuta e meholo ea XCMG) ba bonts'a litšenyehelo tse hlakileng-monyetla oa ts'ebetso (20% -30% e tlase ho feta mefuta ea kantle ho naha joalo ka Caterpillar le Komatsu).

③ Keketseho ea sekhahla sa litoropo: Sekhahla sa litoropo tsa Latin America se ka ba 80% (e phahame ho feta karolelano ea lefats'e), empa meaho ea litoropo e salletse morao, e hlokang baepolli ba lithane tse nyane (joalo ka lithane tse ka tlase ho 6) bakeng sa kaho ea meaho le nchafatso ea litoropo.

Melemo ea tlholisano ea China:

① Theko-ho{1}}karolelano ea ts'ebetso: Theko ea liepolli tsa machaena e tlase ka 15%-30% ho feta ea lihlahisoa tsa linaha tse ling, 'me boleng bo haufi le boemo ba machaba (joalokaha ho boletsoe ho 1, baepolli ba machaena "ba hodimo-ebile ba bitsa chelete e ngata" mebarakeng ya Afrika le Latin America);

② Ho ikamahanya le maemo ho tsa tekheniki: Likhoebo tsa Machaena li ka beakanya lihlahisoa ho latela tlhoko ea 'maraka Latin America (tse kang-liepo tse kholo tsa lithane tsa indasteri ea merafo naheng ea Peru, tse nang le lisebelisoa tse ling{1}}tse sa tsitsang);

③ Marang-rang a litšebeletso: Likhoebo tsa Machaena (tse kang XCMG le Zoomlion) li thehile litsi tsa lits'ebeletso Latin America (mohlala, XCMG e na le feme Brazil ho fokotsa litšenyehelo ka tlhahiso ea lehae), e rarolotseng ntlha ea bohloko ea "thata ka mor'a{0}}thekiso".

3. Peru e na le tlhokahalo e kholo ea baepolli ba Machaena: ba khannoang ke merafo le lisebelisoa tsa motheo

Joalo ka "setsi sa matla a merafo le meaho" Latin America, Peru ke tšibollo ea mantlha bakeng sa baepolli ba China 'marakeng oa Latin America, ka tlhoko e tsepamisitsoeng haholo libakeng tse latelang:

Tlhokahalo ea merafo: Peru e etsa karolo ea 12% ea tlhahiso ea koporo lefatšeng ka bophara le 6% ea tlhahiso ea khauta ea lefats'e, e hlokang palo e kholo ea-baepolli ba mosebetsi (mohlala, 50-70{10}}ton class) bakeng sa mesebetsi ea merafo. Li-excavators tse entsoeng Chaena (tse kang SANY's SY750H le XCMG's XE700C) li ratoa haholo ke lik'hamphani tsa merafo tsa Peru ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ea tsona e phahameng ea litšenyehelo le ho hanyetsa ho apara hantle (tse etselitsoeng libaka tse thata tsa merafo), joalo ka ha ho pakoa ke theko ea liepo tse ngata tse kholo tse tsoang Chaena ke Southern Copper e kholo ka ho fetisisa Peru, Peru '.

Tlhokahalo ea meralo: 'Muso oa Peru o rera ho tsetela $30 bilione mererong ea meralo (joalo ka Lima-Cayo highway le kaho ea boema-kepe ba Amazon River) lipakeng tsa 2025 le 2030, e hlokang baepolli ba lithane tse mahareng (mohlala, 20-30 tonnes class) bakeng sa mosebetsi oa lefatše. Baepolli ba entsoeng ka China (mohlala, ZE215E ea Zoomlion) ba ntse ba amoheloa ka mokhoa o ntseng o eketseha mererong ea meralo ea motheo ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ea bona e feto-fetohang le tšebeliso e tlase ea mafura (ho fihlela litlhoko tsa tikoloho tsa Peru).

Polelo ea Tlhokahalo: Ho latela lintlha tse tsoang ho Peruvian Construction Machinery Association, tlhokeho ea baepolli ba Peru e tla hola ka 18% ka 2025 (ho feta sekhahla sa kholo ea Latin America ea 12%), 'me karolo ea lihlahisoa tsa China e lebelletsoe ho nyoloha ho tloha ho 35% ka 2024 ho isa ho 45% (haholo-holo ka lebaka la ho kenella ha lithane tse kholo).{6}

4. Litlhahiso tsa maano bakeng sa likhoebo tsa Chaena ho arabela marakeng oa Peru

Bakeng sa ho nka menyetla ea 'maraka Peru, likhoebo tsa China li hloka ho sebelisa maano a latelang:

Phapang ea lihlahisoa: Theha liepo tse kholo- tsa lithane tse nang le khanyetso e phahameng le boima bo phahameng ba moroalo (joalo ka bakete ea tšepe ea manganese le chesisi e matlafalitsoeng) bakeng sa litlhoko tsa merafo Peru; tsebahatsa matla-a bolokang le a bohlale a mahareng-maepo a tonnage (joaloka GPS positioning le remote monitoring system) bakeng sa litlhoko tsa meralo.

Litšebeletso tsa lehae: theha setsi sa likarolo Peru (joalo ka bobolokelo ba likarolo tsa Xugong Lima) ho khutsufatsa nako ea karabelo ea-ka mor'a thekiso (sepheo sa ho fihla sebakeng sena nakong ea lihora tse 24); thaotha basebeletsi ba litšebeletso tsa lehae ho rarolla bothata ba puo.

Mokhoa o mocha oa tšebelisano: saena litumellano tsa nako e telele- tsa tšebeletso (joalo ka "sephutheloana sa "lisebelisoa + tsa tlhokomelo") le likhoebo tsa meepo tsa Peru le likhoebo tsa litšebeletso tsa motheo ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tšebeliso ea bareki; kenya letsoho mererong ea PPP (e kang kaho ea litsela tse kholo) ea mmuso oa Peru, ho fana ka lisebelisoa ka kotloloho le ho fana ka ts'ehetso ea ts'ebetso.

Lumela, ke Jason Wang, sengoli sa poso ena. Re na le boiphihlelo ba lilemo tse fetang 15 ho fana ka likarolo tsa ho epa, ho fana ka{2}}karolo ea boleng bo holimo ho likhoebo tse linaheng tse fetang 50 lefatšeng ka bophara. Ho tloha mabenkeleng a manyane a ho lokisa ho isa ho barekisi ba kholo, bareki ba rona ba itšetleha ka rona bakeng sa likarolo tse tšoarellang le tse nepahetseng tsa ho epa tse fihlelang maemo a indasteri. Sehlahisoa sa rona se pharalletseng se kenyelletsa likhokahano tsa li-excavator, li-rubber mounts, li-hydraulic components, li-filters, likarolo tsa motlakase, likarolo tsa undercarriage, le tse ling, tse koahelang mefuta e mengata ea mefuta le mefuta. Ebang ke bakeng sa kaho, merafo, temo, kapa lisebelisoa tse boima tsa mechine, likarolo tsa rona li hahiloe ho mamella maemo a thata a mosebetsi, ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e ka tšeptjoang le bophelo bo bolelele ba tšebeletso.

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